From the British Psychological Society’s blog, I found this study on Asperger’s Syndrome. I can’t urge you enough to go read it, especially if you have a child, or spouse, or friend, or co-worker, who might be on the spectrum.
It’s a sociological paper, and it can get a bit dense with Giddens and Goffman and Mead, but don’t let that dissuade you if you’re not the scholarly type. The study was based on interviews with people who have Asperger’s, and it’s the deep attention to and sympathy with their experiences that really makes this special.
In particular, the paper is about the extent to which AS folks never get to the point at which social interaction can be done without a huge investment of thought and effort:
… what are commonly perceived to be small, mundane social norms can present as massively significant and difficult to overcome for people with AS [Asperger's Syndrome]. It is as though there are two, incommensurable universes where something mundane, small and taken for granted in mainstream life is an alien, challenging and uncomfortable act for people with AS. The problem is that for people with AS this tension represents the overwhelming majority of their interactions and experiences because they live in a neuro-typical world.
Participants suggest that typical others found it hard to understand how they felt or to make sense of their emotional detachment and yet participants felt enormous pressure to try to reduce such differences, make sense of the social world and try to fit in.
…
Furthermore, the inability to reach the stage of taken for grantedness meant that interactions remained conscious activity – ‘conscious work’ as Richard called it – a process that had limitations and was tiring, draining and constant.
“You do learn strategies from an early age I think and the problem is with people probably on the spectrum is that you have got a lot of information that you need to store away because you have to remember the strategies for those situations [um] because it doesn’t come naturally so you have to pull that out of your little film cabinet that you have got in your head and play it quite quickly so you know what to do. It is not inherent really.” (Tim, aged 44)
I’ve read a ton of psychological research and theorizing about Asperger’s, and I’ve read plenty of Temple Grandin and The Curious Incident and all that, and yet somehow I feel this article is the first time I’ve actually grasped how frustrating and exhausting and just plain old unfair life as an Aspie must feel sometimes.
I often get questions from neurotypical people who are trying to cope with behavior from folks who have Aspie traits,* like this one. I was proud of my advice on that letter, particularly this: “I have talked to a lot of people like this, both in my ordinary life and through my column, and the last thing they want is subtle hints and good-natured ribbing. They don’t understand such modes of communication: That’s part of the problem. What they want are clear, highly specific behavioral guidelines and respect for their own sometimes-idiosyncratic needs.”
That was good, but of course the whole “Mind over Manners” credo is that highly specific behavioral guidelines are not enough for the modern world, that we have to be able to develop the competencies of improvisation, regaining our footing, negotiating, picking up on cues and adapting in the moment. That’s why it’s called mind over manners. It’s a fundamentally anti-Asperger’s orientation. And I don’t really know where to go with that, because I deeply believe that these are the skills we need in a complex social world. So where does that leave those who can’t learn them? What can etiquette do for them, and what etiquette do neurotypicals like me owe to those who can’t live life like an improv game?
Certainly, after reading this, I believe I will be much more patient with people who exhibit Aspie traits. To be honest, I’ve had my difficulties with such people in the past. From some folks–not all, but many–I’ve gotten a vibe of contempt for social norms and niceties: “Your pathetic social rituals are meaningless to me, puny human.” And, you know, I tend not to respond too well to that. But I wonder if maybe some people are, in fact, trying harder than I’ve given them credit for. I was moved to the point of being shaken at how hard some of the people quoted in this paper are trying.
And for those who really are treating social norms and the people who follow them with contempt? Well, if almost everyone in the world were going around insisting that something I couldn’t perceive is terribly terribly important, and I’m defective for missing it … I might start to have contempt for whatever it is they’re making such a big deal of, too. As a way of making myself feel better, and as a way of letting go and getting on with my life. In fact, knowing me, there’s about a thousand-percent chance that that’s exactly how I’d react.
So I’m sorry, folks-on-the-spectrum. I’ve given my fellow neurotypicals good advice about you, I think, but I’m not sure I give a lot of advice you can use. And maybe I haven’t always given you as fair a shake as I should have in my personal life.
If you have Asperger’s, or are close to someone who does, I’d be very interested to hear from you. Has learning the cut-and-dried rules of etiquette–manners over mind, as it were–helped you? Are you trying harder than people give you credit for? Would you prefer neurotypicals make more of an effort to see the world from your point of view, or would you rather, frankly, have us leave you in peace and stop trying to understand? Neurotypicals, what have you found to be helpful in your relationship with your AS child, or friend, or spouse?
*Invariably, when I run these questions, I’ll then get letters from readers saying “That person sounds like they have Asperger’s Syndrome! Why didn’t you think of that?” Chances are, I did. But I wouldn’t diagnose someone in a newspaper column based on nothing more than the description of a third party even if I were a clinical psychologist instead of a research one.